:root{--ubc-navy: #082f55;--ubc-blue: #0e4f7f;--link-blue: #0b6fa4;--link-hover: #074c71;--gold: #e4aa24;--gold-dark: #a97200;--ink: #17263a;--muted: #516273;--canvas: #f3f6f8;--surface: #ffffff;--surface-soft: #e8eef2;--rule: #ccd6de;--policy-bg: #fff0c4;--policy-ink: #40300b;--content: 52rem;--page: 78rem;--body: "IBM Plex Serif", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;--display: "IBM Plex Sans", ui-sans-serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;--sans: "IBM Plex Sans", ui-sans-serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;--mono: "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Consolas, monospace}html[data-typeface="plex"]{--body: "IBM Plex Serif", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;--display: "IBM Plex Sans", ui-sans-serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;--sans: "IBM Plex Sans", ui-sans-serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;--mono: "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Consolas, monospace}html[data-typeface="google-sans"]{--body: "Google Sans Flex", ui-sans-serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;--display: "Google Sans Flex", ui-sans-serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;--sans: "Google Sans Flex", ui-sans-serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;--mono: "Google Sans Code", ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Consolas, monospace}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:2rem}body{margin:0;color:var(--ink);background:var(--canvas);font-family:var(--body);font-size:1.04rem;line-height:1.64;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,.site-header,.hero,.course-overview,.mobile-toc,.section-rail,.site-footer,.typeface-tools{font-family:var(--display)}a{color:var(--link-blue);text-decoration-thickness:0.08em;text-underline-offset:0.18em}a:hover{color:var(--link-hover)}a:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--gold);outline-offset:4px}.skip-link{position:fixed;z-index:100;top:0.75rem;left:0.75rem;padding:0.7rem 1rem;color:var(--ubc-navy);background:var(--gold);font:600 0.88rem/1 var(--sans);transform:translateY(-180%)}.skip-link:focus{transform:translateY(0)}.reading-progress{position:fixed;z-index:90;inset:0 0 auto;height:3px;background:transparent}.reading-progress span{display:block;width:0;height:100%;background:var(--gold)}.site-header{position:relative;z-index:10;color:#fff;background:var(--ubc-navy);border-bottom:0.35rem solid var(--gold)}.header-inner{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1.15rem;width:min(100% - 2rem, var(--page));min-height:4.5rem;margin:0 auto}.course-mark{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:2rem;padding-right:1.15rem;color:#fff;border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.48);font-size:1.2rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-0.03em;text-decoration:none}.course-mark:hover{color:#fff}.header-inner p{margin:0;color:#e2edf5;font-size:0.92rem}.header-nav{display:flex;gap:clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 2rem);margin-left:auto}.header-nav a{color:#fff;font-size:0.88rem;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}.header-nav a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--gold);text-decoration-thickness:0.14em;text-underline-offset:0.35em}.hero{color:#fff;background:var(--ubc-blue)}.hero-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) auto;gap:2.5rem;align-items:end;width:min(100% - 2rem, var(--page));margin:0 auto;padding:clamp(3.25rem, 6vw, 5.25rem) 0 clamp(3rem, 5vw, 4.5rem)}.eyebrow{margin:0 0 0.85rem;color:#d7e8f3;font:600 0.82rem/1.2 var(--mono);letter-spacing:0.08em;text-transform:uppercase}.hero h1{max-width:20ch;margin:0;font-size:clamp(2.6rem, 6vw, 5rem);font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-0.045em;line-height:1.02}.term-badge{margin:0 0 0.35rem;padding:0.8rem 1.05rem;border:1px solid #91bad2;font-weight:600;white-space:nowrap}.course-overview{background:var(--canvas);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.overview-inner{width:min(100% - 2rem, var(--page));margin:0 auto;padding:3rem 0 3.25rem}.overview-inner>h2{margin:0 0 1.5rem;color:var(--ink);font-size:clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.2rem);font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-0.025em}.overview-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));gap:1rem}.overview-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;padding:1.35rem 1.4rem 1.3rem;background:var(--surface);border-top:0.3rem solid var(--link-blue);box-shadow:0 0.45rem 1.15rem rgba(8,47,85,0.08)}.overview-card h3{margin:0 0 1rem;color:var(--ink);font-size:1.18rem;font-weight:600}.overview-card p{margin:0 0 0.75rem;font-size:0.94rem;line-height:1.5}.overview-card a{align-self:flex-start;margin-top:auto;padding-top:0.35rem;font-size:0.86rem;font-weight:600}.policy-callout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0, 1fr) auto;gap:1.25rem;align-items:center;margin-top:1rem;padding:1rem 1.2rem;color:var(--policy-ink);background:var(--policy-bg);border-left:0.3rem solid var(--gold-dark)}.policy-callout>strong{font:600 0.78rem/1.2 var(--mono);letter-spacing:0.07em;text-transform:uppercase}.policy-callout p{margin:0;font-size:0.91rem;line-height:1.5}.policy-callout a{color:#604400;font-size:0.84rem;font-weight:600;white-space:nowrap}.mobile-toc{display:none}.page-shell{display:grid;grid-template-columns:14rem minmax(0, var(--content)) 1fr;gap:clamp(2.5rem, 6vw, 6rem);width:min(100% - 2rem, var(--page));margin:0 auto;padding:4.5rem 0 7rem}.section-rail{grid-column:1}.section-rail nav{position:sticky;top:2rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;padding:1.2rem 0 1.25rem;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--rule)}.rail-label{width:100%;margin:-1.2rem 0 0.55rem;padding:0.85rem 1rem;color:#fff;background:var(--ubc-navy);font:600 0.7rem/1.2 var(--mono);letter-spacing:0.08em;text-transform:uppercase}.section-rail a{width:100%;padding:0.48rem 1rem;color:var(--muted);border-left:0.2rem solid transparent;font-size:0.78rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3;text-decoration:none}.section-rail a.rail-sub{padding-left:2rem;font-size:0.73rem;font-weight:500}.section-rail a:hover,.section-rail a[aria-current="location"]{color:var(--ubc-navy);background:#edf4f8;border-left-color:var(--link-blue)}.syllabus-content{grid-column:2;min-width:0}.syllabus-content>:first-child{margin-top:0}.syllabus-content h1,.syllabus-content h2,.syllabus-content h3{color:var(--ubc-navy);font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-0.02em;line-height:1.2;scroll-margin-top:2rem}.syllabus-content h1{margin:5rem 0 1.4rem;padding:1rem 0 0.7rem;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);border-bottom:0.2rem solid var(--link-blue);font-size:clamp(2rem, 4vw, 2.7rem)}.syllabus-content h1:first-child{margin-top:0;padding-top:0;border-top:0}.syllabus-content h2{margin:3rem 0 1rem;font-size:clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 1.9rem)}.syllabus-content h3{margin:2.3rem 0 0.75rem;font-size:1.22rem}.syllabus-content p{margin:0.8rem 0 1.2rem}.syllabus-content ul,.syllabus-content ol{padding-left:1.45rem}.syllabus-content li{margin:0.34rem 0;padding-left:0.18rem}.syllabus-content li::marker{color:var(--link-blue);font-weight:600}.syllabus-content blockquote{margin:2rem 0;padding:1rem 1.2rem;color:#183e57;background:#dceef7;border-left:0.3rem solid var(--link-blue)}.syllabus-content blockquote p{margin:0}.syllabus-content table{display:block;width:100%;margin:1.5rem 0 2rem;overflow-x:auto;border-spacing:0;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:0.86rem;line-height:1.42;scrollbar-color:var(--link-blue) var(--surface-soft);font-family:var(--sans)}.syllabus-content thead{color:#fff;background:var(--ubc-navy)}.syllabus-content th,.syllabus-content td{min-width:8rem;padding:0.75rem 0.85rem;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid var(--rule)}.syllabus-content tbody tr:nth-child(even){background:#eaf0f4}.syllabus-content code{padding:0.12em 0.32em;color:#173e57;background:#e3ebef;border-radius:0.15rem;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:0.88em}.typeface-tools{color:var(--muted);background:var(--surface-soft);border-top:1px solid var(--rule)}.typeface-tools label{display:flex;gap:0.8rem;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;width:min(100% - 2rem, var(--page));margin:0 auto;padding:0.65rem 0}.typeface-tools span{flex:none;font:600 0.7rem/1.2 var(--mono);letter-spacing:0.08em;text-transform:uppercase}.typeface-tools select{width:min(100%, 26rem);min-height:2.25rem;padding:0.35rem 0.55rem;color:var(--ink);background:var(--surface);border:1px solid #9cabb6;border-radius:0.15rem;font:400 0.82rem/1.3 var(--sans)}.typeface-tools select:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--gold);outline-offset:2px}.site-footer{color:#d8e4ed;background:var(--ubc-navy);font-size:0.85rem}.site-footer div{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;width:min(100% - 2rem, var(--page));margin:0 auto;padding:2.2rem 0}.site-footer p{margin:0}.site-footer a{color:#fff}@media (max-width: 920px){.overview-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.overview-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(10rem, 0.45fr) minmax(0, 1fr);column-gap:1.5rem}.overview-card h3,.overview-card a{grid-column:1}.overview-card p{grid-column:2}.overview-card h3,.overview-card p{margin-bottom:0.5rem}.overview-card a{grid-row:2 / span 2;align-self:end}.page-shell{display:block;width:min(100% - 2.5rem, var(--content));padding-top:3.5rem}.section-rail{display:none}.mobile-toc{display:block;width:min(100% - 2rem, var(--content));margin:1.25rem auto 0}.mobile-toc summary{padding:0.85rem 1rem;color:#fff;background:var(--ubc-navy);font:600 0.84rem/1.3 var(--mono);cursor:pointer}.mobile-toc nav{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, 1fr);padding:0.6rem;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-top:0}.mobile-toc a{padding:0.55rem;font-size:0.82rem}}@media (max-width: 660px){body{font-size:1rem}.header-inner{min-height:4rem}.header-inner p{font-size:0.78rem;line-height:1.25}.header-nav a:not(:last-child){display:none}.typeface-tools label{flex-direction:column;gap:0.35rem;align-items:stretch;padding:0.75rem 0}.typeface-tools select{width:100%}.hero-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.6rem;align-items:start;padding:2.7rem 0 3rem}.term-badge{justify-self:start}.overview-inner{padding:2.4rem 0 2.6rem}.overview-card{display:flex}.policy-callout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0.45rem}.policy-callout a{justify-self:start}.mobile-toc nav{grid-template-columns:1fr}.page-shell{width:min(100% - 2rem, var(--content));padding-bottom:5rem}.syllabus-content h1{margin-top:4.1rem}.site-footer div{display:block}.site-footer a{display:inline-block;margin-top:0.7rem}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}@media print{@page{margin:0.7in}body{color:#000;background:#fff;font-size:10.5pt}.reading-progress,.site-header,.typeface-tools,.course-overview,.mobile-toc,.section-rail,.site-footer{display:none !important}.hero{color:#000;background:#fff;border-bottom:2px solid #000}.hero-inner{display:block;width:100%;padding:0 0 1.5rem}.eyebrow{color:#000}.hero h1{font-size:34pt}.term-badge{display:inline-block;margin-top:1rem;padding:0;border:0}.page-shell{display:block;width:100%;padding:2rem 0 0}.syllabus-content h1,.syllabus-content h2,.syllabus-content h3{color:#000;break-after:avoid}.syllabus-content h1{margin-top:2rem;border-bottom-color:#000}.syllabus-content table{display:table;overflow:visible;font-size:8pt}.syllabus-content th,.syllabus-content td{min-width:0}.syllabus-content blockquote{color:#000;background:#fff;border:1px solid #777}a{color:#000}p,li,blockquote,tr{orphans:3;widows:3}}